Incubator



c. CAVNER INCUBATOR Oct; 4, 1927.

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3 Sheets-Sheet' 2 c. cAvNER INCUBATOR Filed Jan.8, 1926 Oct. 4, 1927.

Patented ct. 4, 1927. i .Y

`Cona CAV'NER, or Mentions.Y oKLaHOMA;

INouBa'roR. I

` Application vfiledY,Januaryl 8,V 1 326. y'Serial NOLFSOQOSS.' i

This invention relates to improvements-in- 1ncubatorsand has for an object to provide a compact device for hatching the eggs.'

Further objects of the invention'lie in so coordinating and arranging the p various parts as to enable the apparatus to be operated with an economy of fuel; and to distribute the heat uniformly throughout the entire hatching chamber as required to Secure the best results. x' f lith the Jforegoing and other ob]ects in view, the Yinvention will be morefully described hereinafter, and willbe more particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto. f Y f Y Inthe drawings, wherein like symbols re# fer to like or` corresponding parts throughout the several views,V p 4 Figure l is a plan view, with. parts broken away, of the complete -device' constructed a'ccording to the presentinvention,

Figure 2 is ka iront elevation also with parts broken away,A of 'the complete device,

Figure 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3-3 in Figure 1, v

Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on line 4 4 in Figure 2,? Y l Figure 5 is a perspective view of the device converted as a broeder, e p' Figure 6 is also a perspective 'view of the cover for theincubator casing, Figure 7 shows a perspective view vr'of the incubator egg tray7 and Figure 8 is also a perspective view of the incubator shell or casing.

'Referring more partciularly'to the drawings, 9 designates generally an external hood enveloping the'incubator casing or shell 10 and its cover 1l. rlhe external-cylindrical wall of the hood may be made of sheet metal or other appropriate material. The top portion or roof 12 of the hood is of conical form in order to regulate and distribute the heat more uniformly, and near the apex' otI the cone roof vare a number of openings 13 relstricted in diameter to'perniitthe escape of smoke and the Vgas fumes. Thesefumes encounter a horizontal deiiecting plate 14'situated above the apex ofthe cone and sup-Y ported thereon as; bythe rfeet; 15.v The :deiecting plate 14 is formed with the downturned saucer-like rim 16 to deflectA the heated products ofv combustion- Yin substantially parallel streamsl along the conical roof ofthe hood. The hood both as: to its. cylin- .drical wallV 9 and cone roof'1`2 islinedzwth ari-appropriate heat-insulating material represented at 17 and/18 and this llining material is preferablyfplaced externally of the hood and may be secured thereto in any appropriate manner.' 1

The hood, when in use forthe incubating operation, is 'supported upon elongated legs, each ot which is preferablyl formed of a single strand ow-ire, the intermediate por-y tion 19 ofwhich is rounded to form afoot' 'for contacting with the ground or support ing surface. The wire diverges upwardly from the rounded portion19providing the two supportingmembers 20! and 21, at the upper endsof which the wire is. turnedlaterally to provide the twoI supportingv shoulders 22 and 23xadjoining the upturned extremities hood. The inner wall or the cylindrical hoodportion 9 is provided withmetallic or other straps 26nhaving the pairs 'of sockets or casings 27 and 28 to receivek the anchoring extremities 24 and 250i: theflegs. These extremities simply slip '.intofthesoclets 27 and 28 and the lower rim of the cylindrical wall 9 of the hoodv is. received upon the shoulders 22 and 23., thus serving to support the hood and also to lock the legs in place. VIt is f also preferred that the wire of whichl the legs are made shall'possess a certain inherent and 28jand ailarge. surface area 'presented bythe extremities24 and 25', so that. the hood may be liitedupwithout. resultingv in the .falling onty or detachment of the legs. .These legs maybe provided inany suitable num'- ber; three such legs are! shown by way' of example and itmight be said that three. legs have .been :tound'ample inpraotice.

. 24 and- 25. used for'the purpose of'anchoring the legsy tok the cylindrical 'portion of' the 1 resiliency and that the legs will be so' made 1 The casing or shell '10 which houses the l i incubatingV chamber is clearly'shown in ure 8 and it is also constructed with' an outer cylindrical wall conformin l to the cylindrical wall of the hood,` alty ongh being of considerably less diameter to provide an annular space between the incubating casing and hood for the circulation of the heate air developed by the lamp 29 shown in Figure 3.

' Revel-ting to the casing 10, it is to be understood that the casingV may be' made up in other shapes than the cylindrical shape shown,` asv may also the hood 9, but the cylindrical shape will probably be most compact. The casing or shell is also preferably made from sheet meta-l with a bottom portion 3() and an upstanding column 31 providing an internal flue 32 into which projects the chimney ofV the lampf29 or other heating device. The column 31 is open at its upper end and it is preferably disposed slightly below the rim of the outer wall 10 and appropriate` packing or insulating material is placedwithin the walls 10, 30, and 31.r The rim of the wall 10 is provided with the out-turned flange 33 at the outer end of which is provided an upturned flange 34, .y

forming a right angle structure which reinforces the upper edge of the incubating casing or shell and which also has the further function of co-operating with the out-turned flange 35 on theV lower external rim of the cover portion 11. This cover' portion is provided with the vertical cylindrical'wall 36; with a flat horizontal roof portion 11, and with the hollow tube 37 depending Jfrom the inner portion of the roof 11 and opening at its'upper end through the roof. This tube l 37 is small in diameter as compared with the diameter of' the hollow column 31 and it fits into hollow column 31 and downwardly over the chimney of the lamp. The various members of the cover are also preferably lined interiorly as shown. An annular space- 38 is provided between the column 31 and tube l37 and this space is open atboth its upper and lower ends.

In the incubating chamber inclosed by this casing and .its cover is placed the tray 39 which may also be of sheet metal and which preferably contains the felt or other pad 40 for directly receiving the eggs to be hatched. yThese eggs are confined in the tray by the outer shallow flange 41 and by the internal circular fall 42 of greater height than the flange and fitting about the lining 43 of' the column 31. The engagement of the wall 42 with a lining 43 will provide for the centering of the tray and for its rigid support in the incubating chamber,` but due to the interposition-of the compressible lining 43 'between' the walls 31 and 42, the tray may be placed and removed without difficulty. Moreover, the presence of the lining spaces the metal apart, which would otherwise eX- hibit a too'great conductivity.

`The tray is supportedy in the incubating chamber by the legs 44 made similar to the legs previously described for the hood, eX-

cept that the terminal portions 45 and 46 oi the legs 44 are bent substantially horizontally to fit in the casings provided by the horizontal plates 47 on the bottom 39 of the tray. These legs may be withdrawn in an outward radial direction when desired. The outer fiange 41 of the tray .is spaced a considerable distance from the wall 10 or its lining 48. There results from 'this construction a space for the escape of' the newly hatched chicks and this escape is rendered the more easy by the comparatively low flange 41. AThe hatched chicks may thus spread into the bottom of the hatching chamber.

The entire casing 10 and its cover 11 are supported upon legs 49 similar to the legs Sti 44 and mounted in casings upon the straps the casing is provided with a sight opening 54 in its side wall to permit inspection ot' the action within, and this inspectionvis aided by the lamp 55 also mounted through the wall 10 of the casing and being controlled externally as by the 'switch 56.

Any suitable moistening means may be employed for imparting the desired degree of humidity to the incubating atmosphere. l

In the operation of the device, eggs are placed upon the tray Vshown in Figure 7 in suitable number and the tray is placed in the casing or shell indicated in Figure 8 after which the cover shown in Figure 6 is litted over the casing. rlhe hood shown in Figur-e 5 is thereafter placed over the incubating chamber thus assembled and we have the device illustrated in Figure 3. The lamp or other heating device is lighted, and the action of incubation begun. The heat from the lamp will ascend up through the tube 37, the smoke and fumes passing out through the openings 13 in the Vconicaltop 12 of the hood. Fresh air in a heated coridition will be drawn up by the convection currents to and through the annular passage 3S and to the eggs in the tray, which eggs are kept from rolling around dueto the contact of the eggs themselves andthe engagement of the outermost eggs ywith the corrugated rim 41 of the .eggtray The conical dome or roof 12 of the hood is of advantage over a fiat roof in causing a more even distribution of the heat to all parts of the atmosphere circumscribed within the hood. This atmosphere envelops the walls ol the incubating chamber and it is desir able to maintain said atmosphere as uniform in temperature as practicable. The heat will ascend promptly to the uppermost or apex porti-on of the roof or dome and as it accumulates here, it will be deflected downwardly or outwardly to the space. between the incubating casing and the hood. It will also be deliected along the top ll of the cover portion due to the tact that the space above the incubating chamber decreases in cross-section trom the central portion above the cover to the outer part where .this space communicates with the annular space between the side walls 9 and ll0. There will therefore be a congestion near the angle portions ot the walls 9, l2 and 10, ll, which will cause the heat to ow radially and inwardly along the top of the cover 11. It is important that the air-passage 38 be present and the co-operation ot' the flange parts 38, 34-, and 35, secures the properispacing of the tube 37 and the column 3l without any particular attention on the partot the assembler.

As the eggs are hatched, the young chicks or some of them, may get over the corruv gated rim 4l into the bottom of the incubating chamber where there will be greater teedom of movement. The action may be observed from time to time through the sight opening 54, and the lamp lighted each time by closing the switch 56. As the chicks accumulate, they maybe removed through the door 5l.

lt will be appreciated that the device, owing to the even distribution of heat and tothe arrangement of the central passage 38, may be operated at considerable economy of oil or other fuel; and that the process of hatching may be carried out more eXpedi ticusly. l The entire apparatus may also be constructed at a very small initial cost.

lt is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made in t-he details of construction and design ot the above speciically described embodiment of this invention without departing trom the spirit thereof, such changes and modilications beingY restric ed only by the scope ot the following claims,

Vhat is claimed is l. An improved incubator comprising an' enveloping hood, an incubating casing supported within the hood and provided at its upper lwall, with out-turned flanges, and*v at its inner portion vwith'an upstanding hollow column, acover for said casing having at its outer part an outeturn-ed flange seatedV upon and centered by the first-named flanges ot the casing, and having at its central portion a depending tube entering said hollow column and spaced therefrom to provide a passage for the criculation of air to the interior ot the incubating chamber, and heating means disposed below the said tube and column.

2. An improved incubator-comprising anA enveloping hood, an incubating casing supported therein and having a central hollow externally lined column, a cover for the casing having a tube spaced from and eX- tending into Vsaid column, heating means below the tube, and a tray for the eggs sup` ported in said casing and having an inner wall adapted to envelopand engage with the padding on said hollow column. y

3, An improved incubator comprising an enveloping hood, an incubatingcasing sup- V ported therein having acentral hollowV column, a cover on the casing having a central tube extending into the column and spaced therefrom, heating means below the tube, an egg tray having a corrugated shallow outer wall anda relatively deep inner wall engagingabout said hollow column, and legs Vto support the tray at an elevation above the adjacent wall of the incubating' chamber u and an inner deeper wall surrounding said hollow column, a pad on the base portion of the tray, and legskto support the tray above the bottom of the casing.

MRS. CORA CAVN'ERv 

